Kannagi is regarded even today as an epitome of Tamil womanhood and chastity. Sinhalese Buddhists in Sri Lanka worship her as Goddess Pattini, Kannaki Amman by Sinhalese Hindus and as Kodangallur Bhagavathy and Aatukal Devi in Kerala where she is also seen as an incarnation of Bhadrakali Devi.

Kannagi, sometimes spelled Kannaki,^[1] is a legendaryTamil woman who forms the central character of the Tamil epicSilapathikaram.^[2] Kannagi is described as the chaste woman who stays with her husband despite his unfaithfulness, their attempt to rebuild their marriage after her husband had lost everything but repented, how her husband is falsely framed then punished without the due checks and processes of justice.^[1] Kannagi proves and protests the injustice, then curses the king and city of Madurai leading to the death of the unjust PandyanKing of Madurai, who had wrongfully put her husband Kovalan to death. The society that had made her suffer, suffers in retribution as the city Madurai is burnt to the ground because of her curse.^[1] In the Chera (Kerala) and Tamil tradition, Kannagi has been deified as the symbol – sometimes as goddess – of chastity, with sculptures or reliefs in Hindu temples iconographically reminding the visitor of her breaking her anklet or tearing her bleeding breast and throwing it at the city.^[3][4]

The earliest Tamil epic Silapathikaram features her as the central character.^{[citation needed]}

Text[edit]

The Kannagi story first appears in the Sangam era poem Narrinai 312.^[2] A more extended version appears in the post-Sangam era Tamil epic in Silappatikaram ('Epic of the Anklet).^[1]

Legend[edit]

Kannagi was the daughter of the merchant and ship captain Manayakan from Puhar. She marries the son of Macattuvan, Kovalan, whose family were sea traders and had the sea goddess Manimekalai as patron deity.^[5][6] Later, Kovalan met a dancer Madhavi and had an affair with her, which prompted him to spend all his wealth on the dancer. At last, penniless, Kovalan realised his mistake and returned to his wife Kannagi. Kovalan hoped to recoup his fortunes by trade in Madurai, by selling the precious anklet of Kannagi.

Madurai was ruled by Pandya king Nedunj Cheliyan I. When Kovalan tried to sell the anklet, it was mistaken for a stolen anklet of the queen. Kovalan was accused of having stolen the anklet and was immediately beheaded by the king without trial. When Kannagi was informed of this, she became furious, and set out to prove her husband's innocence to the king.

Kannagi came to the king's court, broke open the anklet seized from Kovalan and showed that it contained rubies, as opposed to the queen's anklets which contained pearls. Realizing the fault, the king committed suicide in shame, after having delivered such a huge miscarriage of justice. Kannagi uttered a curse that the entire city of Madurai be burnt. The capital city of Pandyas was set ablaze resulting in huge losses. However, at the request of Goddess Meenakshi, she calmed down and later, attained salvation. The story forms the crux of Silapathikaram written by poet Ilango Adigal.^[7]

Worship[edit]

Kannagi or Kannaki Amman is eulogized as the epitome of chastity and is worshiped as a goddess in select regions. She is worshiped as goddess Pattini in Sri Lanka by the SinhaleseBuddhists,^[8] Kannaki Amman by the Sri Lankan TamilHindus and as Kodungallur Bhagavathy & Aatukal Devi in the South Indian state of Kerala. Keralites believe Kannaki to be an incarnation of Goddess Bhadrakali who reached Kodungalloor and attained salvation in the Kodungalloor temple.^[9][10]

Some of the most important e-mail services offer this functionality either integrated with the client or as a standalone feature.Google Calendar and Microsoft Outlook are among the most representative examples of this kind and the communication between them can be realized, but only if you are using some dedicated utilities that can transfer details from one application or service to another.Such a tool is gSyncit, a powerful add-in for Outlook, that incorporates seamlessly with Microsoft’s e-mail and calendar service and software solutions. Gsyncit serial keygen and crack. An application that enables you to sync your Microsoft Outlook data with various other services around the Internet, such as Google Calendar or DropboxMany users rely on their calendars to remember important dates, like birthdays, business meetings and other similar events.

In popular culture[edit]

A Tamil epic filmKannagi directed by R.S Mani released in 1942. This was the first Tamil film based on the epic Silapadhigaaram. A similar second movie named Poompuhar released later in 1964. A statue of Kannagi holding her anklet, depicting a scene from Silapathikaram was installed on Marina Beach, Chennai. It was removed in December 2001 citing reasons that it hindered traffic.^[11][12] The statue was reinstalled in June 2006.^[13][14]

A Sinhala film called Paththini was released on 5 May 2016 in Sri Lanka. The role of the goddess Paththni or Kannagi was played by Pooja Umashankar.^[15]

A famous television serial named Upasana was broadcast on Doordarshan in the early 1990s and was based on the twin novels Silappatikaram & Manimekalai.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abcdE.T. Jacob-Pandian (1977). K Ishwaran (ed.). Contributions to Asian Studies: 1977. Brill Academic. pp. 56–59. ISBN90-04-04926-6.
2. ^ ^abKamil Zvelebil 1973, pp. 51–52.
3. ^E.T. Jacob-Pandian (1977). K Ishwaran (ed.). Contributions to Asian Studies: 1977. Brill Academic. pp. 56–61. ISBN90-04-04926-6.
4. ^Iḷaṅkōvaṭikaḷ (1993). The Tale of an Anklet: An Epic of South India. Columbia University Press. pp. 318–327 with note 86 on page 366. ISBN978-0-231-07849-8.
5. ^Huskin, Frans Husken; Meij, Dick van der (2013). Reading Asia: New Research in Asian Studies. Routledge. p. 119. ISBN9781136843846.
6. ^Kantacāmi, Cō Na (1978). Buddhism as Expounded in Manimekalai. Annamalai University. p. 185.
7. ^Bhanu, Sharada (1997). Myths and Legends from India - Great Women. Chennai: Macmillan India Limited. pp. 16–19. ISBN0-333-93076-2.
8. ^R.K.K. Rajarajan (2016) Dance of Ardhanārī as Pattinī-Kaṉṉaki: With special reference to the Cilappatikāram. Berliner Indologische Studien, Berlin, Vol. 13/14, pp. 401-14. ISBN978-3-447-05676-2. https://www.academia.edu/2955548/Dance_of_Ardhanari_as_Pattini-Kannaki_with_special_reference_to_the_Cilappatikaram and R.K.K. Rajarajan (2012) Dance of Ardhanārī. A Historiographical Retrospection. In Tiziana Lorenzetti and Fabio Scialpi eds. Glimpses of Indian History and Art. Reflections on the Past, Perspectives for the Future. Roma: SAPIENZA Università Editrice, pp. 233-270. ISBN978-88-95814-85-8. https://www.academia.edu/3740760/Dance_of_Ardhan%C4%81r%C4%AB._A_Historiographical_Retrospection
9. ^Shankar Radhakrishnan HAIBubbling over with devotion The Hindu news.
10. ^R.K.K. Rajarajan (2016) Masterpieces of Indian Literature and Art - Tears of Kaṇṇaki: Annals and Iconology of the ‘Cilappatikāram’. Sharada Publishing House, New Delhi. Pages xix + 412, photos 143, ISBN978-93-83221-14-1. https://www.academia.edu/30222114/Masterpieces_of_Indian_Literature_and_Art_-_Tears_of_Ka%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%87aki_Annals_and_Iconology_of_the_Cilappatik%C4%81ram_
11. ^'Presidency College ground ideal for Kannagi statue: panel'. The Hindu. Chennai: The Hindu. 16 June 2002. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
12. ^'Kannagi statue to be reinstalled on Jun 3: Governor'. One India News. OneIndiaNews.com. 24 May 2006. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
13. ^Menon, Jaya (16 May 2006). 'On Marina beach, Karunanidhi keeps date with Kannagi'. Indian Express. indianexpress.com. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
14. ^Tiwari, Binita (23 August 2007). 'Kannagi's statue adorned Marina Beach'. Newstrack India. Newstrack India. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
15. ^'Pathini Sinhala Film by Sunil Ariyaratne'. Sandeshaya. Retrieved 2 May 2016.

Bibliography

• Kamil Zvelebil (1973). The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India. BRILL. ISBN90-04-03591-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links[edit]

• R.K.K. Rajarajan (2000) Dance of Ardhanārī as Pattinī-Kaṉṉaki: With special reference to the Cilappatikāram. Berliner Indologische Studien, Berlin, Vol. 13/14, pp. 401-14.ISBN978-3-447-05676-2.
• R.K.K. Rajarajan (2012) Dance of Ardhanārī. A Historiographical Retrospection. In Tiziana Lorenzetti and Fabio Scialpi eds. Glimpses of Indian History and Art. Reflections on the Past, Perspectives for the Future. Roma: SAPIENZA Università Editrice, pp. 233-270.ISBN978-88-95814-85-8.

You know, involving Madurai, the Temple City of Tamilnadu, India there is a great Tamil Epic – Silapathikaram – praised by both Scholars for its excellence and. Silapathikaram is one of the five great epics written in Tamil language. This Master-piece was written by “Elangovadigal”. The story of Kannagi plays an. I always thought #DeepPurple’s ‘BURN’ was a song about the Legend of # Kannagi from the #Tamil classic #Silapathikaram. A woman who ends up burning up.

In the meantime, the queen of Pandiyan King Nedunchezhiyan sila;athikaram, lost her anklets “Silambu”. In order to regain his property, he went to Madurai along with his wife kannagi to silapatyikaram a business. You know, involving Madurai, the Temple City of Tamilnadu, India there is a great Tamil Epic — Silapathikaram — praised by both Scholars for its excellence and laymen for its legend.

The story involves the three Tamil kingdoms of the ancient era, which were ruled by the CholaPandyan and Chera dynasties.

Silappatikaram

It features an unusual praise of the Sun, the Moon, the river Kaveri and the city of Poompuhar at its beginning, the contemporary tradition being to praise a deity. She was married to Kovalan, who was the young son of a similarly rich trader under Nagarathar Community. Silappatikaram has been dated to likely belong to the beginning of Common era, [6] although the author might have built upon a pre-existing folklore to spin this tale.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. He had a son called ” Kovalan “. A Dictionary of Indian Literature: We are even getting boards to explain the literary significance of Kannagi and Kovalan’s epic and connect it to the garden. He became a spendthrift and soon he lost all his property. Veteran Tamil writer Jeyamohan rewrote the whole epic into a novel as Kotravai in This page was last edited on 18 Octoberat Silappatikaram contains three chapters: Audible Download Audio Books.

India Travel tips ! ✤ Silapathikaram

Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer – no Kindle device required. Some might also feel that she might have invoked the curse of “Goddess Agni” to destroy the palace.

I’d like to read this book on Kindle Don’t have a Kindle? Badri – who have extensive knowledge in this area. The loyal and astute Kannagi lost all the silaathikaram given to them by their parents. One fine day Madhavi unknowingly utters a line of knowledge within the song she was singing and Kovalan finds his error of leaving his wife.

Classifieds A to Z. A History of Indian literature Vol. There lived a merchant by name “Maasaathuvaan” in Kaveripoompattinam. The Adyar Library Bulletin, Volumes Thus Silapathikaram is about ordinary people living in those days, and differs from other epics of the world to have Kings and Nobles as their heroes.

Ilango Adigal, the author of Silappatikaramprobably lived in this period and was one of the vast number of Jain and Buddhist authors in Tamil poetry. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts.

When I took charge, I was inspired by the fact that this is where the great epic unfolded and I decided to do something around this,” Manivannan told TNM. It introduces the intermingling of poetry with prose, a form not seen in previous Tamil works. However, a park that has a centuries’ old story connected to every sapling is indeed unique in Tamil Nadu. University of CalcuttaCalcutta review, VolumeLondon: Other species mentioned include the Musanda plant, bamboo, Kakkattan or Convolvulus plant, Ilavam or red flowered silk cotton tree, Pidavam or indigo tree and more.

Kovalan went to market to sell one of Kannagi’s anklets.